Common Types of Learning Disabilities
Overview
Learning disabilities come in many forms, each impacting the way a person takes in, processes, or expresses information. Recognizing the type of learning difficulty can help tailor supports and strategies that make education more inclusive and accessible.
Dyslexia
Difficulty with reading, spelling, and decoding words. Learners may struggle to connect letters with sounds or remember word patterns.
- Reads slowly or inaccurately
- Mixes up letter order or sounds
- Needs extra support with phonics and fluency
- Best supports: coloured overlays, audiobooks, multisensory reading
Dyscalculia
Difficulty with understanding numbers, sequencing, and mathematical reasoning.
- Confuses numbers or signs (+, −, ÷)
- Struggles to recall math facts
- Finds it hard to estimate time or quantities
- Best supports: visual math tools, real-life examples, tactile manipulatives
Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder)
Difficulty with fine and gross motor coordination, planning, and sequencing tasks.
- Struggles with handwriting or using tools
- Appears clumsy or uncoordinated
- Finds multi-step tasks difficult
- Best supports: OT input, step-by-step visuals, adaptive equipment
Nonverbal Learning Disorder (NVLD)
Strong verbal ability but challenges with visual-spatial processing, organisation, and social cues.
- Difficulty interpreting body language or tone
- Prefers written/verbal instruction
- Struggles with visual reasoning or drawing
- Best supports: explicit social teaching, structured routines
Processing Disorders
Challenges in how the brain processes information — can affect auditory, visual, or sensory input.
- Auditory: difficulty following spoken directions
- Visual: struggles with tracking or letter reversals
- Sensory: may react strongly to lights or sounds
- Best supports: multisensory teaching, quiet learning spaces
Language Matters 💜
Use words that empower and respect each learner’s individuality:
- ✅ “Learner with dyslexia” or “student who experiences dyscalculia”
- ✅ “Needs additional support with reading / maths / coordination”
- 🚫 Avoid: “lazy,” “careless,” or “slow”
- ✅ Focus on growth and strengths
Calm Corner Reflection 🌿
Think about a time when learning felt difficult. What helped you most? How can educators create spaces where asking for help feels safe and supported?
Downloads & Learning Tools
Explore printable supports, checklists, and classroom guides for these learning disability types.
Download Printable Summary View ND-Friendly Strategies