Neurodiversity Glossary (A–Z)
Clear, respectful definitions for neurodiversity terms — explained in everyday language.
Welcome
Learn at your own pace
This page gathers everyday terms used across neurodiversity — including autistic, ADHD, dyslexic, dyspraxic experiences and more — in calm, respectful language.
“Different minds aren’t problems to fix — they’re perspectives we need.”
A gentle reminder
Language can be personal. You can pause, take a breath, and come back later. You deserve clarity without pressure.
A
Letter A
- Autistic / Autism (identity-first language)
- A neuroway of being with differences in communication, sensory processing, interests, and social energy. Many prefer “autistic person” over “person with autism.” Example: “I’m autistic and I communicate best with clear, direct language.”
- AAC (Augmentative & Alternative Communication)
- Tools that support or replace speech — e.g., text-to-speech apps, symbol boards, sign. Example: “I use AAC on my tablet when I’m too overloaded to speak.”
- ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Differences)
- A common neurotype involving interest-based attention, time perception differences, and energy regulation. Example: “Timers help me start tasks; hyperfocus helps me finish.”
C
Letter C
- Camouflaging / Masking
- Hiding or changing natural communication or movement to fit expectations. Example: “Unmasking with trusted people helps me relax and recharge.”
- Co-Regulation
- Borrowing calm from someone else’s steady presence, tone, or pacing. Example: “My friend’s quiet voice helps me settle when I’m overloaded.”
D
Letter D
- Dyslexia
- A reading-related processing difference that can affect decoding and spelling — often with strengths in problem-solving or creativity. Example: “Audiobooks let me enjoy stories without fatigue.”
- Dyspraxia / DCD
- Coordination and planning differences that can affect movement, organisation, or speech. Example: “I allow extra time and break tasks into smaller steps.”
E
Letter E
- Executive Function
- The brain’s “management skills” — starting tasks, organising, shifting focus, remembering steps. Supports can make these skills easier. Example: “Checklists and body-doubling help me get started.”
H
Letter H
- Hyperfocus
- Deep, sustained focus on a highly interesting task. Can be powerful — scheduling breaks helps balance it. Example: “I set a timer so hyperfocus doesn’t push meals too late.”
M
Letter M
- Monotropism
- A theory that some minds prefer focusing on a small number of interests at a time, leading to deep engagement. Example: “I’m happiest when I can stay with one interest for long stretches.”
- Meltdown (non-judgmental)
- An intense response to overload or stress, not a “tantrum.” Needs calm, safety, and recovery time. Example: “After loud events, I need quiet and low lights to reset.”
P
Letter P
- PDA Profile (support needs framing)
- A profile described by high anxiety around demands; collaboration, choice, and gentle pacing can help. Example: “Presenting tasks as invitations reduces pressure for me.”
- Processing Time
- Extra moments some people need before responding, especially in noise or stress. Example: “I answer better when there’s a pause after questions.”
S
Letter S
- Sensory Processing / Sensory Profile
- How someone notices and responds to sensory input (sound, light, texture, taste, movement). Example: “I bring sunglasses and ear defenders to bright, noisy places.”
- Special Interest / Passion
- Deep topics of interest that bring joy, learning, and regulation. Example: “Talking about trains helps me connect with new people.”
- Stimming
- Self-stimulating movements or sounds (e.g., rocking, flapping, humming) that help regulate feelings. Example: “I keep a stim toy in my pocket for busy days.”
U
Letter U
- Unmasking
- Letting your natural communication, movement, and interests show, especially in safe spaces. Example: “With my group, I can stim and info-dump freely.”
Thank you for learning with care
If this page helped, you might also like the other glossaries in this series.
← Back to Understanding Terms Hub Next: Learning Differences Glossary →
© 2025 Aspie Answers | “Different doesn’t need fixing — it needs understanding.”