Neurodiversity Glossary (A–Z)

Clear, respectful definitions for neurodiversity terms — explained in everyday language.

Welcome

Learn at your own pace

This page gathers everyday terms used across neurodiversity — including autistic, ADHD, dyslexic, dyspraxic experiences and more — in calm, respectful language.

“Different minds aren’t problems to fix — they’re perspectives we need.”

A gentle reminder

Language can be personal. You can pause, take a breath, and come back later. You deserve clarity without pressure.

Tip: Use the A–Z bar or the search box to find terms quickly.

Letter A

Autistic / Autism (identity-first language): A neuroway of being with differences in communication, sensory processing, interests, and social energy. Many prefer “autistic person” over “person with autism.” Example: “I’m autistic and I communicate best with clear, direct language.”
AAC (Augmentative & Alternative Communication): Tools that support or replace speech — e.g., text-to-speech apps, symbol boards, sign. Example: “I use AAC on my tablet when I’m too overloaded to speak.”
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Differences): A common neurotype involving interest-based attention, time perception differences, and energy regulation. Example: “Timers help me start tasks; hyperfocus helps me finish.”

Letter C

Camouflaging / Masking: Hiding or changing natural communication or movement to fit expectations. Example: “Unmasking with trusted people helps me relax and recharge.”
Co-Regulation: Borrowing calm from someone else’s steady presence, tone, or pacing. Example: “My friend’s quiet voice helps me settle when I’m overloaded.”

Letter D

Dyslexia: A reading-related processing difference that can affect decoding and spelling — often with strengths in problem-solving or creativity. Example: “Audiobooks let me enjoy stories without fatigue.”
Dyspraxia / DCD: Coordination and planning differences that can affect movement, organisation, or speech. Example: “I allow extra time and break tasks into smaller steps.”

Letter E

Executive Function: The brain’s “management skills” — starting tasks, organising, shifting focus, remembering steps. Supports can make these skills easier. Example: “Checklists and body-doubling help me get started.”

Letter H

Hyperfocus: Deep, sustained focus on a highly interesting task. Can be powerful — scheduling breaks helps balance it. Example: “I set a timer so hyperfocus doesn’t push meals too late.”

Letter M

Monotropism: A theory that some minds prefer focusing on a small number of interests at a time, leading to deep engagement. Example: “I’m happiest when I can stay with one interest for long stretches.”
Meltdown (non-judgmental): An intense response to overload or stress, not a “tantrum.” Needs calm, safety, and recovery time. Example: “After loud events, I need quiet and low lights to reset.”

Letter P

PDA Profile (support needs framing): A profile described by high anxiety around demands; collaboration, choice, and gentle pacing can help. Example: “Presenting tasks as invitations reduces pressure for me.”
Processing Time: Extra moments some people need before responding, especially in noise or stress. Example: “I answer better when there’s a pause after questions.”

Letter S

Sensory Processing / Sensory Profile: How someone notices and responds to sensory input (sound, light, texture, taste, movement). Example: “I bring sunglasses and ear defenders to bright, noisy places.”
Special Interest / Passion: Deep topics of interest that bring joy, learning, and regulation. Example: “Talking about trains helps me connect with new people.”
Stimming: Self-stimulating movements or sounds (e.g., rocking, flapping, humming) that help regulate feelings. Example: “I keep a stim toy in my pocket for busy days.”

Letter U

Unmasking: Letting your natural communication, movement, and interests show, especially in safe spaces. Example: “With my group, I can stim and info-dump freely.”

Thank you for learning with care

If this page helped, you might also like the other glossaries in this series.

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